VanEck: Ethereum Layer 2 Networks Could Be Worth $1 Trillion by 2030

• VanEck predicts Ethereum layer 2 networks could reach $1 trillion in valuation by 2030 • The firm evaluated 46 layer 2 solutions across 5 key areas and expects "thousands" of rollups to emerge • Arbitrum currently has the biggest ecosystem with over $18 billion locked • Key factors for growth include transaction pricing, developer experience, user experience, trust assumptions, and ecosystem size • VanEck is bearish on most layer 2 tokens due to likely cutthroat competition and market saturation