### Summary
Under the rivalry between the US and China, many middle and small powers are making their own mark on the international order by reshaping the world economy, affecting the global balance of power, and increasing their economic weight, military potential, and diplomatic stature. These changes have been caused by unhappiness with globalization, the risks of overreliance on rivals for vital supplies, and the rise of China.
### Facts
- The unhappiness with globalization in the West, especially in America, has caused economic anxiety, social discontent, and political backlash.
- Covid-19 exposed the risks of overreliance on another country, especially a rival, for vital supplies.
- Russia's invasion of Ukraine revealed the EU's dependence on Moscow for energy.
- The rise of China has rattled the US and other countries, leading to the search for a new geo-economics.
- US allies in the Indo-Pacific are strengthening their defenses through military and technological cooperation with Washington.
- Geo-economics and geopolitics have merged, with the US leading in redefining globalization that does not harm national security, technological supremacy, and economic leadership.
- India is at the crossroads of new geo-economics and geopolitics, being America's natural geopolitical partner and an attractive partner in geo-economics.
- Middle powers like India are benefiting by aligning themselves with the US and forming independent groupings at the global or regional levels.
- Many players are multi-aligning and multi-networking through mini forums, ad hoc groupings, and shifting coalitions, making the international order very fluid.
India's G20 presidency has shaped its global future and brought the country to the forefront of the international stage, with discussions at the NDTV G20 Conclave focusing on energy transition, clean growth, digital economy, and India's rising global influence.
India's External Affairs Minister, S Jaishankar, highlighted the importance of addressing the concerns of the global south in promoting economic growth and development during the B20 Summit, stating that India recognized the absence of the global south's voice in the G20 and took steps to rectify this by convening the Global South Summit.
Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi warned that there is a risk of a "new model of colonialism" if nations with critical minerals do not see it as a global responsibility, as the race to secure resources for energy transition goals intensifies. Modi emphasized the need for cooperation in the face of uneven geographical diversification and export restrictions imposed by countries like China.
India's education and skill development minister, Dharmendra Pradhan, highlighted the nation's commitment to global well-being and its role as a laboratory for promoting common good during his address at the B20 Summit, emphasizing the importance of education and India's strengths in democracy, diversity, and critical sectors such as energy and agriculture.
India's G20 Sherpa Amitabh Kant outlines India's positive agenda for the country's presidency of the G20, with a focus on digital transformation, infrastructure building, and women-led development. India has made significant achievements in areas such as housing, sanitation, water supply, and digital payments, and aims to promote inclusive growth, accelerate sustainable development goals, take climate action, and prioritize technological transformation and women's empowerment during its presidency.
Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi emphasized that the theme of India's G20 Presidency, 'Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam,' is not just a slogan but a comprehensive philosophy derived from the country's cultural ethos. He also highlighted the importance of including the African Union in the G20 and expressed his belief that India will soon be among the top three economies in the world. The G20 Summit, to be held in September, will see increased security measures with 1,500 Delhi Police personnel deployed outside the venue.
Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi discussed India's achievements during its presidency of the G20, highlighting its human-centric model of development and its response to the pandemic, which has gained recognition and appreciation from the international community; he also emphasized the importance of including the Global South and Africa in global affairs and addressing their needs. Additionally, Modi noted India's efforts in promoting renewable energy and the democratization of technology, while acknowledging the challenges of cybercrime and the need for global cooperation. He expressed confidence in India's future economic growth and its potential to become one of the top three economies in the world by 2030 and a developed country by 2047.
India has experienced political stability under Prime Minister Modi, leading to legal reforms, improvements in welfare systems, and infrastructure development, which has positioned the country for growth and influence in various spheres, including space exploration, sports, and entertainment, but challenges such as poverty, education, and employment still need to be addressed.
The Indian government is taking a different approach to the G20 summit, aiming to make it a national endeavor and involve different parts of the country, according to External Affairs Minister S Jaishankar.
India's G20 presidency may be seen as a failure in terms of achieving global consensus, but it has been successful in boosting India's image, promoting its leadership in the "global south," and enhancing the personality cult of Prime Minister Narendra Modi domestically.
President Joe Biden will attend the Group of 20 (G20) summit in India as a supporter, even as the US acknowledges that India's interests may diverge from Washington's, with India seeking to emphasize development issues and bridge the concerns of the world's largest economies with those of the Global South.
India is hosting the G20 summit as Prime Minister Narendra Modi seeks to establish himself as a global leader, but activist Arundhati Roy criticizes the event as a vanity event for Modi and raises concerns about the treatment of minorities in India.
Prime Minister Narendra Modi and US President Joe Biden discussed ways to deepen and diversify their partnership, including defense, nuclear energy, and emerging technologies, during a private dinner at the G20 Summit, expressing confidence in advancing shared goals of sustainable development and multilateral cooperation.
UK Prime Minister Rishi Sunak praises India's role as host for the G20 Summit, emphasizes the need for a comprehensive trade deal with India, condemns pro-Khalistan extremism, and affirms cooperation with India to counter such extremism.
President Biden aims to rally support for Ukraine and promote American investment in the developing world at the G20 summit in India, presenting new plans for a transit corridor connecting partner nations and unveiling World Bank reforms, challenging China's global trade expansion and providing a better option for emerging economies.
India's External Affairs Minister, S Jaishankar, addressed the New Delhi G20 Leadership Declaration, which called for peace in Ukraine, highlighting its significance as a consensus among members amidst tensions and divergent views over the conflict; however, the declaration received criticism for not mentioning Russia and for its language referring to the war 'in Ukraine' instead of 'against Ukraine'.
Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi called for global reforms and urged world leaders at the G20 summit to make global structures, including the UN Security Council, reflective of current realities and emphasized the need for India's permanent membership at the UNSC.
The 2023 New Delhi Summit of the G20 has been a success, with India demonstrating its ability to organize a global event; however, the summit's ability to produce substantial solutions to world problems, particularly the geopolitical crisis, is questionable. The summit managed to come up with a joint leaders' declaration, including language on Ukraine that accommodates all shades of opinion. The summit also focused on issues such as debt restructuring, climate change, renewable energy, artificial intelligence, and terrorism financing. However, the effectiveness of these actions will depend on whether countries actually implement them.
The G20 summit in New Delhi showcased India's growing economic and geopolitical influence, but also highlighted concerns about the country's Hindu nationalist government and its approach to press freedom as journalists were largely restricted from covering the event.
The G20 Summit hosted by India was regarded as a success for the Modi government, and US President Joe Biden emphasized the importance of human rights and the role of civil society and a free press in his discussions with Prime Minister Narendra Modi. Biden also expressed the desire for a stable relationship with China and praised Modi's leadership and hospitality.
Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau described India as an "extraordinarily important" economy and a significant partner in various sectors, including combating climate change and fostering economic growth. He also highlighted Canada's commitment to defending peaceful protests while opposing violence and hatred, emphasizing that the actions of a few do not represent the entire community or the country.
India's External Affairs Minister, S Jaishankar, has called for a shift in perspective regarding global trade and urged the world to move past the idea that the West is the "bad guy," highlighting the complexity of the global economy and the need to address the inequities of globalization. He also spoke about India's achievements at the G20 Summit and the threats posed by the Khalistan group in Canada.
India's engagement with the Global South is deeply rooted in its culture and philosophy, as stated by India's Permanent Representative to the United Nations, Ruchira Kamboj, highlighting the country's commitment to development partnerships and provision of vaccines and medicines during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Pakistan needs to reevaluate its geopolitical and economic strategy, prioritizing sustainable and inclusive economic growth and embracing trade with India in order to address its debt and accelerate development, with potential benefits including increased exports and improved energy supply. India should also play a proactive role in normalizing trade relations with Pakistan, as it shares an interest in a peaceful border and stands to gain commercially from a strong relationship. A trade-centered approach could align with Pakistan's military and contribute to its long-term security and national development.
Russia President Vladimir Putin praised Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi's leadership and described India as a self-directed nation that makes decisions based on its national interests, a sentiment supported by Congress MP Shashi Tharoor who highlighted India's commitment to autonomy since its independence.
