Genetics Influence Athletic Ability, But Training and Mindset Still Critical
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Genetics play an important role in determining if someone is born to run fast or has the endurance for long distances. Variants in over 20 genes are linked to being an elite athlete.
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The "speed gene" ACTN3 encodes for a protein abundant in fast-twitch muscle fibers used for sprinting. The "warrior gene" MAOA helps trigger the fight-or-flight response needed in races.
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A study found 19 genes tied to improving cardio fitness from training. Those with more of these genes improved the most over an 8-week program.
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With the right training, you may be able to change your muscle fibers from slow- to fast-twitch over time and get faster. Things like hill sprints, tempo runs, and fartlek can help.
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While genetics matter, the mental side is key too. Many talented athletes still don't succeed without the drive and discipline to keep training.