Main Topic: U.S. inflation and the Federal Reserve's efforts to control it.
Key Points:
1. U.S. inflation has declined for 12 straight months, but consumer prices increased 3% year-on-year in June.
2. The Federal Reserve aims to reduce inflation to about 2% and plans to raise its key federal funds rate to over 5%.
3. The Fed is concerned about high inflation due to a strong labor market, rising wages, and increased consumer spending, and aims to slow the job market to control inflation.
### Summary
Former Toys "R" Us CEO Gerald Storch warned that the economy is likely to face a difficult holiday season due to persistent inflation. Other economic stresses such as rising interest rates, credit card debt, and student loans are also contributing to consumer difficulties.
### Facts
- Inflation remains sticky despite the Inflation Reduction Act that was passed a year ago.
- Sales of physical products have been declining for 11 consecutive months when adjusted for inflation.
- The July consumer price index (CPI) rose 0.2%, with prices climbing 3.2% from the same time last year.
- Pulte Capital CEO Bill Pulte suggests that the economy is in a period of stagflation with low growth and high inflation.
- Shelter costs, accounting for 40% of the core inflation increase, rose 0.4% for the month and are up 7.7% over the past year.
- Americans are spending $709 more per month on everyday goods and services compared to two years ago.
- Consumers are shifting towards value retailers in response to inflation.
- President Biden acknowledges that the Inflation Reduction Act was not solely aimed at reducing inflation but rather focused on generating economic growth.
### Summary
The UK economy is facing inflationary pressures as measures of underlying inflation remain high, leading to expectations of further interest rate rises. However, different sectors of the economy are experiencing mixed fortunes, with some industries booming while others face challenges. The cost of living crisis is far from over, with food price inflation still expected to remain high.
### Facts
- Measures of underlying inflation, such as core inflation, remain stuck at a high rate even as headline inflation falls.
- Services inflation has increased to a joint 31-year high.
- Two-year and ten-year gilt yields have risen to their highest levels since the 2008 financial crisis, indicating market concerns about inflation.
- Some sectors, such as travel firms, hotels, and restaurants, are booming due to increased consumer spending on leisure, while others, like construction firms, are facing challenges due to rising costs.
- Food price inflation is expected to remain in double digits for the rest of the year, contributing to ongoing cost of living pressures.
- Higher interest rates may be necessary to temper economic demand and align it with the reduced supply potential of the economy caused by factors such as fewer workers, trade barriers, and reduced investment.
- Rising interest rates could potentially hamper efforts to improve the economy's productivity.
- The housing market is experiencing a holding pattern, with longer mortgage terms being offered to manage rising interest rates.
- Bank of England governor Andrew Bailey does not consider the housing market situation a "correction" or crisis.
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- Inflationary pressures persist in the UK economy.
- Different sectors of the economy are experiencing mixed fortunes.
- Food price inflation remains high, contributing to ongoing cost of living pressures.
- Interest rates are expected to rise further due to inflation concerns.
- The housing market is in a holding pattern with longer mortgage terms being offered.
- Market conditions and economic recovery remain uncertain.
### Summary
Inflation rates would be significantly lower if the "owner equivalent rent" component was removed from the consumer price index, according to an opinion piece.
### Facts
- Removing the "owner equivalent rent" (OER) component from the consumer price index (CPI) would result in a lower year-over-year inflation rate of about 1.5%, compared to the current rate of 3.2%.
- The personal-consumption expenditures price index (PCE) would also see a decline in the inflation rate, from 3% to approximately 2.2%.
- The author suggests that the inclusion of OER in these indexes causes inflation to be overstated.
- These findings indicate that inflation has fallen more than what current flawed price indexes suggest.
Inflation is causing a decline in affordability for average working individuals, with prices on everyday necessities such as groceries, gasoline, and housing rising significantly in the past two years due to government spending and the Fed's money-printing.
The current housing market is facing challenges due to rising interest rates and higher prices, leading to a slowdown in home sales, but the market is more resilient and better equipped to handle these fluctuations compared to the Global Financial Crisis, thanks to cautious lending practices and stricter regulations.
The U.S. housing market is facing dire consequences due to high mortgage rates, a housing supply shortage, and a lack of confidence in the Federal Reserve's actions, according to market expert James Iuorio.
Despite signs of declining U.S. inflation, a majority of Americans, particularly those living in rural areas, are experiencing higher grocery prices under President Biden's economic policy, known as Bidenomics. Concerns about inflation and reliance on partisan news contribute to the perception of economic challenges, despite reports of a strong U.S. economy.
The US housing market may be broken due to the Federal Reserve's aggressive interest rate hikes, which have driven up mortgage rates and negatively impacted both supply and demand, according to economist Mohamed El-Erian.
Home prices in the US have continued to rise for the fifth consecutive month, reaching near all-time highs, although high mortgage rates could impact further price gains for the rest of the year. Cities in the Midwest and New England saw the most notable price acceleration, while cities in the West experienced year-over-year price drops. Low inventory remains a challenge, with few homeowners wanting to sell, leading to higher prices and increased competition for available homes. In contrast, the rental market is offering more affordability as rental inventory increases.
The Federal Reserve's monetary tightening policy has led to a surge in mortgage rates, potentially damaging both the demand and supply in the housing market, according to Mohamed El-Erian, chief economic advisor at Allianz.
Mortgage payments in the US are at their highest since the mid-1980s, making housing deeply unaffordable, but surprisingly, rising mortgage rates have not led to a decline in house prices as supply of properties has fallen almost in lockstep with demand and locked-in homeowners have invested more in fixing up their current homes, leading to a robust housing market despite the economic challenges.
The two different inflation measures in Ireland, the Consumer Price Index (CPI) and the harmonized index of consumer prices (HICP), have started to diverge, with the HICP falling quicker than the CPI due to mortgage interest costs being included in the latter, revealing a crucial shift in the inflation dynamic as mortgage interest costs have overtaken energy prices as the main driver of inflation. Additionally, the increasing number of fixed-rate mortgage customers facing higher interest rates could keep inflation higher for longer, along with other factors such as higher food prices and ongoing rental market pressures.
The US housing market is experiencing high mortgage rates and low supply, causing home prices to remain high despite rising interest rates.
The Federal Reserve may be the cause of rising housing prices and the low supply of existing homes, which could lead to increased inflation and concerns about the Fed's response to the cost of living. Lowering interest rates and unlocking the supply of homes could help alleviate the issue.
The current housing market has defied expectations of a downturn in real estate prices caused by surging mortgage rates, with prices and demand remaining strong due to increasing household formation among baby boomers, according to a Wall Street economist.
The housing market activity remains subdued due to fluctuating mortgage rates and low housing supply, leading to decreased demand and affordability challenges for potential homebuyers.
Americans are expecting high inflation to persist over the next few years, with a median expectation of 3.6% one year from now and estimates of around 3% three years from now, according to a survey by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. This suggests that sticky inflation may continue to be a concern, as it surpasses the Fed's 2% target. Consumers also anticipate price increases in necessities such as rent, gasoline, medical costs, and food, as well as college tuition and home prices.
Utah's housing market experienced volatility and a contraction due to the COVID-19 pandemic, leading to a decline in home prices and affordability issues, but experts do not predict a crash due to the state's strong economy and growth, although a housing shortage is expected to worsen by 2024. Interest rates have caused fluctuations in homebuilding activity, and despite a dip in housing prices, affordability remains a challenge for many. Predictions for the housing market include a modest price correction, an increase in homebuilding activity and real estate sales in 2024, and a continuing housing shortage. Interest rates will play a crucial role in determining the future of the market.
Despite a spike in gas prices, the rise in inflation appears to be easing gradually, with core prices exhibiting a slower increase in August compared to July, suggesting that price pressures are being brought under control.
Gas and housing prices continue to rise, leading to a 0.6% increase in the federal consumer price index for August and a 3.7% increase for the year, causing concerns about overall inflation and its impact on household budgets.
Stronger-than-expected U.S. economic data, including a rise in producer prices and retail sales, has sparked concerns about sticky inflation and has reinforced the belief that the Federal Reserve will keep interest rates higher for longer.
The Consumer Price Index (CPI) for this month shows that core CPI and all items CPI were slightly above expectations and accelerating, with the primary contributors to the acceleration being core services ex housing and energy, which may be a concern for the Fed. Additionally, owner's equivalent rent was a significant positive contributor to the monthly change in CPI, while used cars and trucks had a negative impact. There is potential for a re-acceleration of inflation, which could have negative implications for equity markets.
Despite elevated inflation, the Federal Reserve is not expected to lower interest rates soon, causing the Consumer Price Index to rise significantly and impacting mortgage rates and home prices.
Landlords are offering incentives to attract renters in the US housing market, even though the median asking rent is at a near-record high, with some landlords providing one-time discounts or a few months free to renters, which effectively lowers rents in certain areas, although this may not be reflected in asking-rent data. The rental vacancy rate has increased, leading to more vacancies for landlords to fill, and landlords are raising rents for existing tenants but not new tenants, in order to maintain high asking rents while strengthening returns. Demand for higher-end properties is declining, while more affordable units are in demand. The rental market varies across regions, with the West and South experiencing decreases in median asking rent, while the Midwest and Northeast have seen increases.
The United States housing market has seen a 21 percent decline in previously occupied home sales over the past year, continuing the slowdown caused by rising interest rates, while prices continue to rise despite the decrease in sales, leading to a shortage of affordable homes and worsening home affordability for the foreseeable future.
The Federal Reserve's indication that interest rates will remain high for longer is expected to further increase housing affordability challenges, pushing potential first-time homebuyers towards renting as buying becomes less affordable, according to economists at Realtor.com.
The recent decline in inflation and potential end to interest rate hikes may not solve systemic problems in the housing market, as rising energy prices and high mortgage rates continue to squeeze the market and push house prices down.
Home prices have decreased in several major cities, but many remain overvalued and at risk of entering a housing bubble, according to a UBS report, with Zurich and Tokyo being identified as the most overvalued markets. UBS defines a bubble as a sustained mispricing of an asset, and factors such as price-to-income and price-to-rent ratios were used to determine the rankings. While some cities have seen a drop in prices, a housing shortage could lead to a renewed boom if interest rates fall.
Despite predictions of falling prices and mortgage rates, the housing market continues to defy logic with rising prices and high rates due to factors such as limited supply, increased demand, and uncertainties in the economy and secondary mortgage market.
The newly released measures of inflation in the GDP report suggest that the disinflation trend is continuing, with a focus on services inflation outside of housing.
Wage-sensitive inflation in non-housing services has been easing, while wage-insensitive inflation remains volatile and difficult to interpret, according to the Council of Economic Advisers (CEA). Housing inflation continues to be a significant contributor to excess inflation, but it is expected to gradually fall in the coming months.
Higher gas prices drove an increase in an inflation gauge tracked by the Federal Reserve in August, but measures of underlying inflation slowed, suggesting overall price pressures are moderating and raising the likelihood that the Fed will leave interest rates unchanged in its next meeting; however, the combination of higher gas prices and sluggish income growth may weaken consumer spending and mark a slowdown from last summer's healthy pace of spending.
The U.S. bond market is signaling the end of the era of low interest rates and inflation, with investors now believing that the U.S. economy is in a "high-pressure equilibrium" characterized by higher inflation, low unemployment, and positive growth. This shift has significant implications for policy, business, and individuals, as it could lead to failed business models and unaffordable housing and cars, and may require the Federal Reserve to raise rates further to control inflation.
Housing prices in nearly all U.S. counties are more unaffordable than ever before, with home prices continuing to rise while wages lag behind, making it increasingly difficult for average Americans to afford a home.
Inflation is impacting Americans across the country, with the Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach metro area experiencing the highest increase in consumer prices at 7.8%, followed by Denver, Atlanta, Seattle, and Detroit, according to WalletHub. Housing prices are a major driver of high inflation in cities like Miami, and while experts anticipate a gradual cool-down of prices, patience is needed.
The housing market in the US needs rebalancing after the pandemic caused a shift in the way Americans view the sector, according to Richmond Fed President Tom Barkin, who suggests that other sectors may need to see slowdowns to achieve balance.
The US housing market is showing similarities to the 1980s, characterized by high inflation, surging mortgage rates, and pent-up demand, which could result in prices stabilizing or slightly falling, but not to the extent of the 2008 housing crash, according to Bank of America.
The housing market is currently considered overvalued, with homes selling above their long-term prices in most major markets, but experts disagree on whether this indicates a housing bubble or if high prices are justified due to the housing shortage and strong demand. The fear of buying at the peak of the market and concerns about rising mortgage rates are factors influencing buyer decisions, but if rates come down, it could lead to an increase in prices. While there is a possibility of a price correction, most experts do not expect another housing crash like the one experienced during the Great Recession.
The housing industry blames the Federal Reserve for unnecessarily high mortgage rates, stating that if the Fed had provided clearer guidance, rates could be significantly lower, which poses risks to economic growth.
Bank of America economists believe that the current housing market resembles the 1980s more than the 2008 financial crisis, citing similarities in high inflation and interest rates, although the main difference is the higher level of leverage in mortgage debt to disposable income, which they believe is not a cause for concern due to strong household balance sheets.
The housing market is experiencing an unsustainable bubble with surging home prices and a shortage of supply, raising concerns about a potential crash, according to Sheila Bair, former federal regulator during the subprime mortgage crisis. While some experts believe housing prices will continue to rise, others, including Bair and investor Jeremy Grantham, warn of a significant downturn in the market. However, stricter lending standards and homeowners with more equity make a repeat of the subprime crisis less likely.
The rapid decline of US inflation may not last due to potential upside risks in categories like used cars and airfares, raising concerns about whether price pressures in services components such as housing can slow down enough to sustain the downward trend.
The upcoming monthly inflation report is expected to show that inflation in the US is cooling off, with overall prices for consumers rising by 0.2% compared to August and 3.6% compared to a year ago, indicating slower price increases in September than in August. However, if the report reveals that inflation remained higher than expected, especially in core areas, it may prompt the Federal Reserve to raise interest rates again, further slowing the economy.
The housing market is currently in a bubble with high prices detached from demand, but it is unlikely to burst and a gradual deflation of the bubble would be beneficial, according to former regulator Sheila Bair.