Main Topic: U.S. inflation and the Federal Reserve's efforts to control it.
Key Points:
1. U.S. inflation has declined for 12 straight months, but consumer prices increased 3% year-on-year in June.
2. The Federal Reserve aims to reduce inflation to about 2% and plans to raise its key federal funds rate to over 5%.
3. The Fed is concerned about high inflation due to a strong labor market, rising wages, and increased consumer spending, and aims to slow the job market to control inflation.
Main Topic: The U.S. Federal Reserve's need to raise interest rates further to bring down inflation.
Key Points:
1. Governor Michelle Bowman supports the Fed's quarter-point increase in interest rates last month due to high inflation, strong consumer spending, a rebound in the housing market, and a tight labor market.
2. Bowman expects additional rate increases to reach the Fed's 2 percent inflation target.
3. Monetary policy is not predetermined, and future decisions will be data-driven. Bowman will consider consistent evidence of inflation decline, signs of slowing consumer spending, and loosening labor market conditions.
China's central bank has cut the main benchmark interest rate in an attempt to address falling apartment prices, weak consumer spending, and broad debt troubles, but the reduction was smaller than expected, signaling the potential ineffectiveness of traditional tools to stimulate the economy.
The Federal Reserve faces new questions as the U.S. economy continues to perform well despite high interest rates, prompting economists to believe a "soft landing" is possible, with optimism rising for an acceleration of growth and a more sustainable post-pandemic economy.
New hires are experiencing declining wages in various sectors such as technology and transportation, which could impact job hopping and take time to reflect in federal data, posing challenges for the Federal Reserve in managing inflation.
The Bank of Canada may shift its focus from the output gap to labor market indicators, such as unemployment and wages, in order to make inflation forecasts and guide its interest rate decisions, according to a report by CIBC economists. The report suggests that the labor market has become a more reliable indicator of excess demand or supply, and forecasts that if the job market outlook suggests it's not necessary, there may be no more rate hikes this year and rate cuts in early 2024.
Despite concerns over rising deficits and debt, central banks globally have been buying government debt to combat deflationary forces, which has kept interest rates low and prevented a rise in rates as deficits increase; therefore, the assumption that interest rates must go higher may be incorrect.
The number of job vacancies in the US dropped in July, indicating a cooling labor market that could alleviate inflation, while fewer Americans quit their jobs and consumer confidence in the economy decreased, potentially impacting consumer spending; these trends may lead the Federal Reserve to delay a rate hike in September.
US job openings fell to the lowest level in nearly 2.5 years in July, indicating a gradual slowdown in the labor market and increasing expectations that the Federal Reserve will not raise interest rates next month.
Central banks are likely to push western economies into a recession in order to tackle inflation, according to a member of Jeremy Hunt's advisory council. Karen Ward, an economist at JP Morgan Asset Management, believes signs of weakness will be needed before policymakers can ease their tough approach, as the message from a recent gathering of central bankers in Wyoming was that borrowing costs would need to be higher for longer than expected. Ward's comments come as Germany reports its highest wage growth figure since 2008.
The US jobs data for July suggests a cooling employment market, with a drop in labor demand and easing of hiring conditions, which could help lower inflation without a significant rise in unemployment rates.
The U.S. economy may achieve a soft landing, as strong labor market, cooling inflation, and consumer savings support economic health and mitigate the risk of a recession, despite the rise in interest rates.
BlackRock's Rick Rieder suggests that the Federal Reserve can now end its inflation fight as the labor market in the US is cooling down after gaining 26 million jobs in the past three years.
Emerging-market central banks are resisting expectations of interest rate cuts, which is lowering the outlook for developing-nation bonds, as central banks in Asia and Latin America turn hawkish in response to the "higher-for-longer" stance taken by the Federal Reserve, currency pressures, and the threat of inflation.
Central banks across major developed and emerging economies took a breather in August with lower interest rate hikes amid diverging growth outlooks and inflation risks, while some countries like Brazil and China cut rates, and others including Turkey and Russia raised rates to combat currency weakness and high inflation.
Despite weakening economic growth, the unemployment rate remains low, which is puzzling economists and could lead to a "full-employment stagnation" scenario with a potential recession and low unemployment rates, posing challenges for the Federal Reserve and the overall economy.
Despite recent optimism around the U.S. economy, Deutsche Bank analysts believe that a recession is more likely than a "soft landing" as the Federal Reserve tightens monetary conditions to curb inflation.
Inflation has decreased significantly in recent months, but the role of the Federal Reserve in this decline is questionable as there is little evidence to suggest that higher interest rates led to lower prices and curtailed demand or employment. Other factors such as falling energy prices and the healing of disrupted supply chains appear to have had a larger impact on slowing inflation.
New research suggests that elevated interest rates may not have been the main cause of the decline in inflation, sparking a debate about whether the Federal Reserve needs to raise rates again.
Potential risks including an autoworkers strike, a possible government shutdown, and the resumption of student loan repayments are posing challenges to the Federal Reserve's goal of controlling inflation without causing a recession. These disruptions could dampen consumer spending, lead to higher car prices, and negatively impact business and consumer confidence, potentially pushing the economy off course.
The Federal Reserve faces the challenge of bringing down inflation to its target of 2 percent, with differing opinions on whether they will continue to raise interest rates or pause due to weakening economic indicators such as drops in mortgage rates and auto sales.
The Federal Reserve predicts a "soft landing" for the economy, with low inflation and no recession, as it aims to control inflation without hindering economic growth.
The Federal Reserve will continue raising interest rates until inflation decreases, even if it means more people losing their jobs, according to CNBC's Jim Cramer.
The Federal Reserve's decision not to raise interest rates has provided little relief for Americans struggling with the high costs of borrowing, particularly in the housing market where mortgage rates have reached their highest level in over two decades, leading to challenges for potential and current homeowners.
The retail, leisure and hospitality, and accommodation and food services industries experienced wage growth that outpaced inflation due to the high demand and staffing shortages after the pandemic, but there are no guaranteed inflation-proof industries, and it is important for individuals to focus on securing jobs that offer upward mobility and higher income to keep up with inflation.
Central banks around the world may have reached the peak of interest rate hikes in their effort to control inflation, as data suggests that major economies have turned a corner on price rises and core inflation is declining in the US, UK, and EU. However, central banks remain cautious and warn that rates may need to remain high for a longer duration, and that oil price rallies could lead to another spike in inflation. Overall, economists believe that the global monetary policy tightening cycle is nearing its end, with many central banks expected to cut interest rates in the coming year.
The Federal Reserve's measure of inflation is disconnected from market conditions, increasing the likelihood of a recession, according to Duke University finance professor Campbell Harvey. If the central bank continues to raise interest rates based on this flawed inflation gauge, the severity of the economic downturn could worsen.
Two former Federal Reserve policymakers disagree on whether the central bank should raise interest rates, with one saying rates have likely peaked and the other saying they need to be raised further, but both agree that achieving a soft landing for the economy is unlikely.
The Federal Reserve left interest rates unchanged while revising its forecasts for economic growth, unemployment, and inflation, indicating a "higher for longer" stance on interest rates and potentially only one more rate hike this year. The Fed aims to achieve a soft landing for the economy and believes it can withstand higher rates, but external complications such as rising oil prices and an auto strike could influence future decisions.
The US economy may struggle to achieve a "soft landing" with low inflation and low unemployment due to several economic uncertainties and headwinds, including toughened lending standards and the resumption of student loan payments, according to experts.
Despite predictions of higher unemployment and dire consequences, the Federal Reserve's rate hikes have succeeded in substantially slowing inflation without causing significant harm to the job market and economy.
The Federal Reserve's forecast for the U.S. economy shows that while inflation and unemployment are close to their goals, economic growth will remain weak, primarily due to low labor productivity.
Bank of America CEO Brian Moynihan believes that the Federal Reserve has successfully tamed inflation but warns that factors like the strength of US consumers may lead to higher interest rates; however, Moynihan expects the US to avoid a recession and experience slow GDP growth in the coming quarters.
Despite the Federal Reserve's efforts to lower inflation, the job market remains strong with unemployment rates near historic lows, challenging traditional economic thinking.
The Federal Reserve's preferred measure of inflation decreased in August, indicating that efforts to combat inflation are progressing, although there are still price growth pressures that could lead to further interest rate hikes by the central bank.
Overall inflation has moderated recently in the United States and euro area, but core inflation remains sticky, creating a challenge for central banks trying to meet their inflation targets. Financial conditions have eased, complicating the fight against inflation by preventing a slowdown in aggregate demand. The combination of loose financial conditions and a monetary policy tightening cycle may have dulled the effectiveness of monetary policy. There are risks of a repricing of risk assets and potential vulnerabilities in the financial sector, emphasizing the need for central banks to remain determined in their fight against inflation.
The US economy needs to see a weaker labor force and weaker economic data in order to see inflation get down to 2% and for the bond market to soften.
Surging interest rates pose challenges for the US economy and threaten the Federal Reserve's efforts to control inflation without causing a deep recession, as borrowing costs rise for mortgages, auto loans, and credit card debt, and other factors such as higher gas prices, student loan payments, autoworker strikes, and the risk of a government shutdown loom large, potentially reducing consumer spending and slowing economic growth.
Higher-for-longer interest rates are expected to hinder U.S. economic growth by 0.5%, potentially leading unprofitable public companies to cut their workforce, according to strategists at Goldman Sachs, who also noted that the Federal Reserve's current benchmark rate is insufficient to cause a recession. Additionally, the firm warned that the high rates could increase the U.S. debt-to-GDP ratio to 123% over the next decade without a fiscal agreement in Washington.
The US Federal Reserve should proceed carefully when deciding whether or not to hike interest rates further to bring down inflation, according to two senior officials, as they aim for a "soft landing" to tackle inflation without harming the US economy.
The US job market added fewer jobs than expected in June, indicating a slower rate of growth, but economists suggest that this is a positive sign of a soft landing for the economy.
Atlanta Federal Reserve Bank President Raphael Bostic believes that the US central bank does not need to raise interest rates further and does not see a recession on the horizon, despite the slowing economy and falling inflation caused by previous rate hikes. He also emphasized that the recent conflict between Israel and Hamas creates uncertainty and could impact the global economy.
Some Federal Reserve officials are optimistic about finding a monetary policy that lowers inflation to their 2% target without causing high unemployment, but there are risks that could push the Fed onto a more familiar path of an economy struggling with rising borrowing costs and waning confidence.
Economists are predicting that the U.S. economy is less likely to experience a recession in the next year, with the likelihood dropping below 50% for the first time since last year, thanks to factors such as falling inflation, the Federal Reserve halting interest rate hikes, and a strong labor market.
