### Summary
Growing concerns about global economic growth and uncertainties in monetary policy have led to turbulence in financial markets, with rising bond yields and a decline in equity markets. Key factors affecting growth include interest rates, bond yields, and access to funds, which may result in a credit crunch and a more risk-averse environment in capital markets. China's shift towards self-sufficiency, combined with a more prudent policy environment, slower population growth, and trade sanctions, will lead to slower and more erratic growth in the country. Although there are near-term concerns, the longer-term outlook for global growth remains positive.
### Facts
- Global economic growth is a concern, reflected in rising bond yields and a decline in equity markets.
- Policymakers, particularly in the US, are worried about overtightening monetary policy.
- Western economies, including the UK, have proven resilient despite expectations of a recession.
- Lower inflation will boost spending power, but growth will depend on where interest rates and bond yields settle.
- Businesses face challenges in raising funds due to a credit crunch, tough lending conditions, and a risk-averse capital market environment.
- The International Monetary Fund forecasts global growth to slow from 3.5% last year to 3% this year and next, with Asia being a major driver.
- Concerns about deflation in China exist, but low inflation is more likely.
- China's shift towards self-sufficiency in response to trade wars has coincided with a more prudent policy environment and the need to curb inflation and manage debt overhang.
- A shrinking population and structural changes in China will result in slower and more erratic growth.
- Private sector activity remains strong in Asia, and Japan's economy is experiencing an economic rebound.
- Western economies previously experienced a prolonged period of cheap money, which led to imbalances and misallocation of capital.
- Prudent monetary policy in some emerging economies provides more room to act in response to economic weakness.
- Concerns exist regarding rising policy rates in the US, UK, and euro area and the tightening of central banks' balance sheets.
- The definition of a risk-free asset is being questioned, as government bonds, previously considered safe, have witnessed negative total returns.
- There has been a rise in shadow banking and non-bank financial institutions, with collateral in the form of government bonds playing a crucial role.
Overall, the focus is shifting from inflation to growth, and future policy rates may need to settle at a high level. High levels of public and private debt globally limit policy maneuverability and expose individuals and firms to higher interest rates.
China's economy is facing a downward spiral due to a crisis in the debt-laden property sector, prompting seven city banks to reduce their growth forecasts for the country; concerns include falling into deflation, high unemployment rates, and the need for more proactive government support.
Chinese authorities have introduced new measures to boost investor confidence in the stock market by reducing trading costs, relaxing rules on share buybacks, and considering extended trading hours and a cut in stamp duty, following recent declines in both the stock and bond markets. These declines have been influenced by China's deteriorating economic outlook, including deflation, weak consumer spending on manufactured goods, rising youth unemployment, and concerns over the property market.
Asian stocks, particularly Chinese markets, may find some relief after Wall Street's resilience in the face of rising bond yields, though economic data from China remains underwhelming and foreign investors continue to sell Chinese stocks.
Asian markets are expected to follow the global trend of weakness in stocks, a buoyant dollar, elevated bond yields, and souring investor sentiment, with no major catalysts to change the current market condition.
The Chinese bond market is experiencing a significant shift due to concerns over China's economic growth prospects, including a bursting property bubble and lack of government stimulus, leading to potential capital flight and pressure on the yuan, which could result in increased selling of US Treasuries by Chinese banks and a rethink of global growth expectations.
China's economic slowdown, marked by falling consumer prices, a deepening real estate crisis, and a slump in exports, has alarmed international leaders and investors, causing Hong Kong's Hang Seng Index to fall into a bear market and prompting major investment banks to downgrade their growth forecasts for China below 5%.
China's regulators are struggling to attract global funds to invest in the country's stocks due to a lack of strong stimulus measures to support growth, resulting in a slump in the MSCI China Index and significant outflows from the mainland market.
China's economic slowdown is causing alarm across the world, as it is expected to have a negative impact on global economic growth, leading to reduced imports and trade, falling commodity prices, a deflationary effect on global goods prices, and a decline in tourism and luxury spending.
Asian markets will be influenced by economic indicators, policy steps, and diplomatic signals from China, as well as reacting to the Jackson Hole speeches, purchasing managers index reports, GDP data, and inflation figures throughout the week, with investors desperate for signs of economic improvement as China's industrial profits continue to slump and authorities take measures to stimulate the capital market.
Global investors are skeptical of China's ability to stabilize its financial markets, with many predicting that economic pressures will cause the offshore exchange rate of the yuan to reach record lows.
China's stamp duty and margin cuts revive confidence in the Hong Kong stock market, leading to a rally in stocks such as HKEX, Alibaba, and BYD, while China Evergrande continues to struggle.
China stocks rise as investors welcome Beijing's efforts to support the market, while bonds rally and the dollar dips on possibly softening U.S. data.
China's government implemented various measures to boost its stock market, including a cut in stamp duty and restrictions on selling shares, but the impact has been limited as the CDI 300 index closed up just 1.2% after initially opening higher, and troubled property developer Evergrande experienced an 87% drop in stock value; foreign investors are pulling their money out of China and want to see more significant policy measures from the government.
Asian stock markets mostly lower as Japanese factory activity and Chinese service industry growth weaken, while Wall Street's benchmark S&P 500 rises on hopes that economic data will convince the Federal Reserve that inflation is under control.
Global interest rate hikes, challenges in China, a stronger dollar, and political instability in Africa have impacted emerging market assets, causing stock and currency declines and property market concerns in China, while Turkey's markets have seen a boost in response to interest rate hikes, and African debt markets have experienced a significant pullback.
The global economy is expected to slow down due to persistently high inflation, higher interest rates, China's slowing growth, and financial system stresses, according to Moody's Investors Service, although there may be pockets of resilience in markets like India and Indonesia.
Foreign portfolio investment inflows into the Indian markets slowed down in August due to concerns about rate hikes in the US, resulting in higher bond yields and a stronger dollar, but India remains an attractive market for investors compared to other emerging markets.
Global stocks rise as a Chinese rebound, prompted by eased mortgage rules, boosts the country's struggling property sector. Goldman Sachs predicts more stimulus to come.
Investor sentiment on China weakens as new data reveals slowest expansion in services activity in eight months, dragging down markets and raising concerns about the country's economy.
Investors are avoiding global stocks with significant exposure to the Chinese market due to concerns over China's property slump and its impact on the economy, causing the MSCI World Index to recover to just 2% below its July-end figure.
As China's economy falters, traders in the emerging-market ETF industry are shifting their cash towards actively managed strategies that focus on brighter spots in the developing world, such as India and Latin America, while pulling money out of passive, China-heavy strategies.
Chinese stocks have passed the worst of the selling pressure and are still attractive to investors due to their cheap valuation and potential for growth, according to CLSA. However, Beijing needs to address concerns and risks in the economy. The MSCI China Index has fallen this year, but a pause in the Federal Reserve's tightening policy is expected to reverse market pessimism.
India's stock market has seen a rally as strong macroeconomic fundamentals and China's economic slowdown keep foreign investors invested in Indian stocks, while a surge in retail investor interest continues to drive the market.
Global fund managers have increased their allocation to U.S. stocks and reduced exposure to emerging markets, particularly China, due to concerns over the Chinese economy, according to Bank of America's monthly survey.
Chinese stocks experienced the largest monthly outflow in a year, with foreign investors withdrawing $15.5 billion from emerging market portfolios in August, driven by concerns over China's economic growth.
U.S. and European firms are shifting investment away from China to other developing markets, with India receiving the majority of redirected foreign capital, due to concerns over China's business environment, economic recovery, and politics. However, diversification is unlikely to result in a rapid decline in exposure to China as the markets foreign firms are investing in are still heavily reliant on trade and investment with China.
Investors may want to gain exposure to emerging markets in 2023 due to their high growth potential, the potential for diversification and offsetting of FX impacts, China's policy shifts supporting growth, the ability to compound returns through dividends, and the potential reversal of the MSCI index.
China's macroeconomic challenges, including deflationary pressures, yuan depreciation, and a struggling property sector, could have broader implications beyond its borders, impacting global metal exporters, trade deals, and global inflation; however, investing in China's stocks may offer compelling valuations despite the current downturn.
A retreat of funds from Chinese stocks and bonds is diminishing China's global market influence and accelerating its decoupling from the rest of the world, due to economic concerns, tensions with the West, and a property market crisis.
China is experiencing a significant outflow of capital, putting pressure on the yuan and raising concerns for authorities as the currency weakens and financial markets become destabilized.
Investor negativity towards Chinese stocks is starting to shift as money managers halt or slow down cuts to their exposure, despite a bearish tilt in the market, signaling a potential change in sentiment and reliance on fundamental factors rather than hope for recovery.
The outlook of U.S. companies on China's markets in the next five years has hit a record low due to factors such as political tensions, tariffs, slow Covid recovery, and issues in the real estate market; however, complete decoupling between the two economies is unlikely.
China experienced its largest capital outflow since 2015, with $49 billion leaving the country, as economic concerns prompt investors to withdraw; of this, $29 billion was withdrawn from securities investments, including bonds. The outflow was compounded by a record-high $12 billion in mainland-listed stocks being dumped by foreign investors and a $16.8 billion deficit in direct investment, the largest since 2016. The decline in the capital account was exacerbated by the tourism season, with outbound travel negatively impacting the services sector, while inbound travel remained suppressed, causing a continued deficit in the services trade. Efforts by Beijing, such as reducing the foreign currency reserves held by banks, have aimed to support the yuan but have been unable to prevent a significant decline in the offshore yuan. Weak exports and the allure of US yields have also contributed to the yuan's decline, further complicating China's capital flight situation, as doubts about the country's ability to achieve its 5% GDP target for the year grow.
Chinese stocks defy regional declines as tech stocks rise, while the 10-year Treasury yield slightly decreases from a 16-year high; US futures tick higher following a 1.6% slide in the S&P 500; bond yields rise in Australia and New Zealand after positive US labor market data; and India's sovereign debt is set to be included in JPMorgan's benchmark emerging-markets index.
Bitcoin could experience significant inflows from China in the coming months due to a weakening Chinese yuan and increasing capital flight, with Chinese investors turning to Bitcoin as a familiar investment in times of economic uncertainty, according to experts. The recent data shows that China's capital outflow reached its highest level since 2015 in August, potentially putting further pressure on the yuan. While Chinese capital controls may limit investment options, cryptocurrency, particularly Bitcoin, is seen as a viable alternative. However, analysts caution that the impact of Chinese capital flight on Bitcoin may not be as significant as it was in 2017 due to changes in regulations and crackdowns on certain practices.
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Asian markets may be bolstered by Wall Street's performance, but concerns regarding the surging dollar, rising U.S. Treasury yields, and troubles in the Chinese property sector may dampen investor enthusiasm.
The global markets, including U.S. and Asian markets, are caught in a cycle of rising bond yields, a strong dollar, higher oil prices, and decreasing risk appetite, leading to fragile equity markets and deepening growth fears.
India's inclusion in JPMorgan's emerging market bond index signals major changes in the global capital markets, boosting capital inflows by $20-25 billion and improving liquidity for Indian assets and the rupee, ultimately attracting more investment. India's rise in the global economy will have significant consequences, positioning it as a nonaligned player and surpassing China in certain measures, while ongoing disputes with Pakistan and China continue to shape its geopolitical landscape.
Investors tend to overlook the gradual impact of the decoupling between China and the world's two largest economies while focusing on the risk of a potential invasion of Taiwan.
China's asset-backed securities market, which has seen significant growth in recent years, may pose risks due to the potential for fraud and the interdependencies among banks. The complex nature of these financial instruments, as demonstrated during the global financial crisis, could lead to a domino effect and have negative implications for China's economy.
Asian policymakers are using unconventional measures, such as bond sales, to protect their currencies from the impact of rising US interest rates and global tensions, which are causing outflows from the region's lower benchmark rates; while these measures don't replace the use of foreign-exchange reserves, they reduce the amount needed.
